美国终止香港特殊贸易待遇，7月29日前执行
美国总统特朗普于2020年7月14日发布行政命令，终止美国对香港的特殊贸易待遇，以回应中国对该特别行政区实施新的安全法。特朗普表示，根据这项行政命令，对香港将 "没有特殊的特权，没有特殊的经济待遇，也没有敏感技术的出口待遇"，美国现在将对香港与中国大陆一视同仁。
在《武器出口管制法》和《2018年出口管制改革法》方面，该行政命令暂停对香港的不同和优惠待遇。美国国务院国防贸易管制局（DDTC）表示，根据《国际武器交易条例》第126.1(d)(1)条，香港现在与中国的待遇相同，如果香港人被指名为最终用户、被许可人（签字人)或被转授人，或香港作为营销、转让、再转让、再出口、销售或分销地区出现，则拒绝出口许可证申请。
联邦机构被指示在2020年7月29日之前开始执行这项紧急法令。包括撤销向香港出口、向香港转口、以及在香港境内转让（境内）受《出口管理条例》约束的物品的许可证例外，这些例外与适用于中国的许可证例外相比提供了不同的待遇。美国商务部已于2020年6月30日暂停这些许可证例外情况。
此外，《出口管理条例》还指示终止1990和1991财政年度《对外关系授权法》第902(a)(3)条规定的出口许可证暂停措施，只要这些措施适用于向实际位于香港和中国大陆以外的香港人出口国防物品，并在7月14日前获准接收国防物品。DDTC表示，它将逐一审查此类出口的许可证申请，出口商可以继续依靠符合ITAR第126.1(a)条规定的现有豁免。
DDTC表示，目前并没有采取步骤撤销或废止以前批准的向香港出口国防物品或服务的授权。此外，目前有效的、未用尽的、以香港为转移地区的出口授权不受《出口管制条例》影响。
该条例还阻止和禁止出口特定人士（主要是参与制定或实施新中国法律或破坏香港民主进程的人士，以及协助他们的人士）的财产和财产权益，如果这些财产和权益目前在(1)美国境内或(2)任何美国人拥有或控制的境内。
（本文由关务小二简要粗略翻译，文末有美国白宫官方原文）
President Trump issued an executive order July 14 ending the United States’ special trade treatment of Hong Kong in response to China’s imposition of a new security law with respect to that special administrative region. Under this EO there will be “no special privileges, no special economic treatment, and no export of sensitive technologies,” for Hong Kong, Trump said, which the U.S. will now treat the same as mainland China.
The EO suspends different and preferential treatment for Hong Kong with respect to the Arms Export Control Act and the Export Control Reform Act of 2018. The State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls said that as a result Hong Kong is now treated the same as China under section 126.1(d)(1) of the International Traffic in Arms Regulations and there is a presumption of denial for export license requests where a Hong Kong person is named as an end-user, licensee (signatory), or sublicensee or where Hong Kong appears as a marketing, transfer, re-transfer, re-export, sales, or distribution territory.
Federal agencies are directed to begin implementing this EO by July 29. This will include revoking license exceptions for exports to Hong Kong, reexports to Hong Kong, and transfers (in-country) within Hong Kong of items subject to the Export Administration Regulations that provide differential treatment compared to those license exceptions applicable to China. The Department of Commerce had already suspended such license exceptions as of June 30.
The EO also directs the termination of the export licensing suspensions under section 902(a)(3) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991, insofar as they apply to exports of defense articles to Hong Kong persons who are physically located outside of Hong Kong and mainland China and who were authorized to receive defense articles prior to July 14. DDTC said it will review license applications for such exports on a case-by-case basis and that exporters may continue to rely on available exemptions consistent with the provisions of ITAR section 126.1(a).
DDTC said it is not taking steps at this time to revoke or rescind previously approved authorizations to export defense articles or services to Hong Kong. In addition, current, valid, non-exhausted export authorizations naming Hong Kong as a transfer territory are not affected by the EO.
The EO also blocks and prohibits exports of property and interests in property of specified persons (primarily those involved in developing or implementing the new Chinese law or that have undermined democratic processes in Hong Kong, as well as those who have aided them) that are currently or come within (1) the U.S. or (2) the possession or control of any U.S. person.
美国对香港特别待遇出口管制措施事件背景
作为对中国投票决定从7月1日开始对香港实施的新安全措施的回应，美国正在限制向香港出口国防物品和两用物品及技术。美国官员说，中国的措施将破坏香港的自主权，从而增加美国敏感物品被非法转移到中国人民解放军或国安部、伊朗或朝鲜的风险。
从6月30日起，商务部暂停了给予香港优于中国的优惠待遇的规定，包括对受《出口管理条例》约束的物品提供许可证例外。因此，任何受《出口管理条例》管制的物品均不得根据许可证例外规定的授权向香港出口、向香港转口或在香港境内转让，但如向中国出口则符合许可证例外规定的交易除外。相反，凡是向香港出口、向香港转口或在香港境内转移的交易，只要有许可证要求，就必须申请并获得许可证。
然而，因这次行动而被取消许可证例外资格的货物，如果在6月30日根据出口到香港、再出口到香港或在香港境内转运的实际订单在码头装货、在打火机上、在出口或转运的承运人上装货、或在前往出口或再出口港口的途中装货，则可根据以前的许可证例外资格继续前往目的地。
同样地，在6月30日之前根据许可证例外资格批准的涉及香港人的视作出口或再出口交易，可继续根据该条款获得批准，直至8月28日，之后这些交易将需要许可证。利用这一60天节约条款的出口商、再出口商或转让人（在国内）必须保留文件，证明香港接受者在6月30日之前受雇并获得了根据第740部分符合香港条件的技术。
Background to the US special treatment export control measures against Hong KongIn response to new security measures China has voted to impose on Hong Kong beginning July 1, the U.S. is restricting exports of defense items and dual-use goods and technologies to Hong Kong. U.S. officials said China’s measures will undermine the autonomy of Hong Kong and thereby increase the risk that sensitive U.S. items will be illegally diverted to China’s People’s Liberation Army or Ministry of State Security, Iran, or North Korea.
Effective June 30 the Department of Commerce suspended regulations affording preferential treatment to Hong Kong over China, including the availability of license exceptions for items subject to the Export Administration Regulations. As a result, no items subject to the EAR may be exported to Hong Kong, reexported to Hong Kong, or transferred within Hong Kong based on an authorization provided by a license exception, except for transactions that would otherwise be eligible for a license exception if exported to China. Instead, a license must be sought and obtained whenever a license requirement applies for an export to, a reexport to, or a transfer within Hong Kong.
However, shipments of items that have been removed from eligibility for a license exception as a result of this action and were on dock for loading, on lighter, laden aboard an exporting or transferring carrier, or en route aboard a carrier to a port of export or reexport on June 30 pursuant to actual orders for export to Hong Kong, reexport to Hong Kong, or transfer within Hong Kong may proceed to their destination under the previous license exception eligibility.
Similarly, deemed export/reexport transactions involving Hong Kong persons authorized under a license exception eligibility prior to June 30 may continue to be authorized under such provision until Aug. 28, after which such transactions will require a license. Exporters, reexporters, or transferors (in-country) availing themselves of this 60-day savings clause must maintain documentation demonstrating that the Hong Kong recipient was hired and provided access to technology eligible for Hong Kong under part 740 prior to June 30.
美国白宫官方发布的特朗普总统行政命令全文
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-393), the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (Public Law 116-76), the Hong Kong Autonomy Act of 2020, signed into law July 14, 2020, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (8 U.S.C. 1182(f)), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code,
I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, determine, pursuant to section 202 of the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992, that the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong (Hong Kong) is no longer sufficiently autonomous to justify differential treatment in relation to the People’s Republic of China (PRC or China) under the particular United States laws and provisions thereof set out in this order. In late May 2020, the National People’s Congress of China announced its intention to unilaterally and arbitrarily impose national security legislation on Hong Kong. This announcement was merely China’s latest salvo in a series of actions that have increasingly denied autonomy and freedoms that China promised to the people of Hong Kong under the 1984 Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong (Joint Declaration). As a result, on May 27, 2020, the Secretary of State announced that the PRC had fundamentally undermined Hong Kong’s autonomy and certified and reported to the Congress, pursuant to sections 205 and 301 of the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992, as amended, respectively, that Hong Kong no longer warrants treatment under United States law in the same manner as United States laws were applied to Hong Kong before July 1, 1997. On May 29, 2020, I directed the heads of executive departments and agencies (agencies) to begin the process of eliminating policy exemptions under United States law that give Hong Kong differential treatment in relation to China.
China has since followed through on its threat to impose national security legislation on Hong Kong. Under this law, the people of Hong Kong may face life in prison for what China considers to be acts of secession or subversion of state power –- which may include acts like last year’s widespread anti-government protests. The right to trial by jury may be suspended. Proceedings may be conducted in secret. China has given itself broad power to initiate and control the prosecutions of the people of Hong Kong through the new Office for Safeguarding National Security. At the same time, the law allows foreigners to be expelled if China merely suspects them of violating the law, potentially making it harder for journalists, human rights organizations, and other outside groups to hold the PRC accountable for its treatment of the people of Hong Kong.
I therefore determine that the situation with respect to Hong Kong, including recent actions taken by the PRC to fundamentally undermine Hong Kong’s autonomy, constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. I hereby declare a national emergency with respect to that threat.
In light of the foregoing, I hereby determine and order:
Section 1. It shall be the policy of the United States to suspend or eliminate different and preferential treatment for Hong Kong to the extent permitted by law and in the national security, foreign policy, and economic interest of the United States.
Sec. 2. Pursuant to section 202 of the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 5722), I hereby suspend the application of section 201(a) of the United States-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992, as amended (22 U.S.C. 5721(a)), to the following statutes:
(a) section 103 of the Immigration Act of 1990 (8 U.S.C. 1152 note);
(b) sections 203(c), 212(l), and 221(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1153(c), 1182(l), and 1201(c), respectively);
(c) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
(d) section 721(m) of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (50 U.S.C. 4565(m));
(e) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); and
(f) section 1304 of title 19, United States Code.
Sec. 3. Within 15 days of the date of this order, the heads of agencies shall commence all appropriate actions to further the purposes of this order, consistent with applicable law, including, to:
(a) amend any regulations implementing those provisions specified in section 2 of this order, and, consistent with applicable law and executive orders, under IEEPA, which provide different treatment for Hong Kong as compared to China;
(b) amend the regulation at 8 CFR 212.4(i) to eliminate the preference for Hong Kong passport holders as compared to PRC passport holders;
(c) revoke license exceptions for exports to Hong Kong, reexports to Hong Kong, and transfers (in-country) within Hong Kong of items subject to the Export Administration Regulations, 15 CFR Parts 730-774, that provide differential treatment compared to those license exceptions applicable to exports to China, reexports to China, and transfers (in-country) within China;
(d) consistent with section 902(b)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (Public Law 101-246), terminate the export licensing suspensions under section 902(a)(3) of such Act insofar as such suspensions apply to exports of defense articles to Hong Kong persons who are physically located outside of Hong Kong and the PRC and who were authorized to receive defense articles prior to the date of this order;
(e) give notice of intent to suspend the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders (TIAS 98-121);
(f) give notice of intent to terminate the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Transfer of Sentenced Persons (TIAS 99-418);
(g) take steps to end the provision of training to members of the Hong Kong Police Force or other Hong Kong security services at the Department of State’s International Law Enforcement Academies;
(h) suspend continued cooperation undertaken consistent with the now-expired Protocol Between the U.S. Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior of the United States of America and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science of the Chinese University of Hong Kong Concerning Scientific and Technical Cooperation in Earth Sciences (TIAS 09-1109);
(i) take steps to terminate the Fulbright exchange program with regard to China and Hong Kong with respect to future exchanges for participants traveling both from and to China or Hong Kong;
(j) give notice of intent to terminate the agreement for the reciprocal exemption with respect to taxes on income from the international operation of ships effected by the Exchange of Notes Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong (TIAS 11892);
(k) reallocate admissions within the refugee ceiling set by the annual Presidential Determination to residents of Hong Kong based on humanitarian concerns, to the extent feasible and consistent with applicable law; and
(l) propose for my consideration any further actions deemed necessary and prudent to end special conditions and preferential treatment for Hong Kong.
Sec. 4. All property and interests in property that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of any United States person, of the following persons are blocked and may not be transferred, paid, exported, withdrawn, or otherwise dealt in:
(a) Any foreign person determined by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State:
(i) to be or have been involved, directly or indirectly, in the coercing, arresting, detaining, or imprisoning of individuals under the authority of, or to be or have been responsible for or involved in developing, adopting, or implementing, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Administrative Region;
(ii) to be responsible for or complicit in, or to have engaged in, directly or indirectly, any of the following:
(A) actions or policies that undermine democratic processes or institutions in Hong Kong;
(B) actions or policies that threaten the peace, security, stability, or autonomy of Hong Kong;
(C) censorship or other activities with respect to Hong Kong that prohibit, limit, or penalize the exercise of freedom of expression or assembly by citizens of Hong Kong, or that limit access to free and independent print, online or broadcast media; or
(D) the extrajudicial rendition, arbitrary detention, or torture of any person in Hong Kong or other gross violations of internationally recognized human rights or serious human rights abuse in Hong Kong;
(iii) to be or have been a leader or official of:
(A) an entity, including any government entity, that has engaged in, or whose members have engaged in, any of the activities described in subsections (a)(i), (a)(ii)(A), (a)(ii)
(B), or (a)(ii)(C) of this section; or
(B) an entity whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order.
(iv) to have materially assisted, sponsored, or provided financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services to or in support of, any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this section;
(v) to be owned or controlled by, or to have acted or purported to act for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this section; or
(vi) to be a member of the board of directors or a senior executive officer of any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this section.
(b) The prohibitions in subsection (a) of this section apply except to the extent provided by statutes, or in regulations, orders, directives, or licenses that may be issued pursuant to this order, and notwithstanding any contract entered into or any license or permit granted before the date of this order.
Sec. 5. I hereby determine that the making of donations of the types of articles specified in section 203(b)(2) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1702(b)(2)) by, to, or for the benefit of any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to section 4 of this order would seriously impair my ability to deal with the national emergency declared in this order, and I hereby prohibit such donations as provided by section 4 of this order.
Sec. 6. The prohibitions in section 4(a) of this order include:
(a) the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any person whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to section 4(a) of this order; and
(b) the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person.
Sec. 7. The unrestricted immigrant and nonimmigrant entry into the United States of aliens determined to meet one or more of the criteria in section 4(a) of this order, as well as immediate family members of such aliens, or aliens determined by the Secretary of State to be employed by, or acting as an agent of, such aliens, would be detrimental to the interest of the United States, and the entry of such persons into the United States, as immigrants and nonimmigrants, is hereby suspended. Such persons shall be treated as persons covered by section 1 of Proclamation 8693 of July 24, 2011 (Suspension of Entry of Aliens Subject to United Nations Security Council Travel Bans and International Emergency Economic Powers Act Sanctions). The Secretary of State shall have the responsibility of implementing this section pursuant to such conditions and procedures as the Secretary has established or may establish pursuant to Proclamation 8693.
Sec. 8. (a) Any transaction that evades or avoids, has the purpose of evading or avoiding, causes a violation of, or attempts to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.
(b) Any conspiracy formed to violate any of the prohibitions set forth in this order is prohibited.
Sec. 9. Nothing in this order shall prohibit transactions for the conduct of the official business of the Federal Government by employees, grantees, or contractors thereof.
Sec. 10. For the purposes of this order:
(a) the term “person” means an individual or entity;
(b) the term “entity” means a government or instrumentality of such government, partnership, association, trust, joint venture, corporation, group, subgroup, or other organization, including an international organization;
(c) the term “United States person” means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States (including foreign branches), or any person in the United States; and
(d) The term “immediate family member” means spouses and children of any age.
Sec. 11. For those persons whose property and interests in property are blocked pursuant to this order who might have a constitutional presence in the United States, I find that because of the ability to transfer funds or other assets instantaneously, prior notice to such persons of measures to be taken pursuant to section 4 of this order would render those measures ineffectual. I therefore determine that for these measures to be effective in addressing the national emergency declared in this order, there need be no prior notice of a listing or determination made pursuant to section 4 of this order.
Sec. 12. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including adopting rules and regulations, and to employ all powers granted to me by IEEPA as may be necessary to implement this order. The Secretary of the Treasury may, consistent with applicable law, redelegate any of these functions within the Department of the Treasury. All departments and agencies of the United States shall take all appropriate measures within their authority to implement this order.
Sec. 13. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to submit recurring and final reports to the Congress on the national emergency declared in this order, consistent with section 401(c) of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1641(c)) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(c)).
Sec. 14. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
Sec. 15. If, based on consideration of the terms, obligations, and expectations expressed in the Joint Declaration, I determine that changes in China’s actions ensure that Hong Kong is sufficiently autonomous to justify differential treatment in relation to the PRC under United States law, I will reconsider the determinations made and actions taken and directed under this order.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 14, 2020.关务小二 via：https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidents-executive-order-hong-kong-normalization/
我就想知道，香港都这样了，房价为啥还不跌呢？？？ 朱大 发表于 2020-7-17 14:39
我就想知道，香港都这样了，房价为啥还不跌呢？？？
人口密度和用地面积双重矛盾，外加历史洪流推高的房价，一入顶峰不胜寒:dizzy: 推行《国安法》的时候，国务院应该想到了会有这样的后果
页:
[1]
